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Fig. 3 | Journal of Ecology and Environment

Fig. 3

From: Dust and sandstorm: ecosystem perspectives on dryland hazards in Northeast Asia: a review

Fig. 3

Annual precipitation and annual mean temperature (5-year moving average) for a Ulaanbaatar, b Dalanzadgad, c Yinchuan, and d Lanzhou from 1940 to 2020. The lower right panels indicate the smoothed spectrum (window width = 7) for each point. The x axis, y axis and the red dot respectively represent the year (period), spectral density, and strongest cycle. Data Source: CRU TS v. 4.05 (TMP and PRE)

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