Fig. 4

Mean (± SE) levels of free amino acids and soluble sugars in seven subdivided tissues when stem herbivores attack. a Total amounts of free amino acids in LM and all parts of root tissue systemically increased in response to stem herbivore attack. In contrast, b total amounts of soluble sugars in the different tissues of attacked tended to decrease in comparison to those of control plants. Soluble sugars in SP and SV were significantly decreased compared to the those of control plants, but soluble sugars in RV were significantly increased compared with those of control plants (Student t-test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n=6). FW, fresh weight. C represents non-attacked (control) plants, and A represents T. mucorea-attacked plants