Fig. 3

Tissue-specific induction of secondary metabolites in T. mucorea-attacked and control plants. a Mean (± SE) levels of chlorogenic acid (CGA) were highly induced in all stem tissues (SE, SP, and SV) and LM. b Mean (± SE) levels of nicotine were significantly increased LM, all stem tissues, and RCE. C represents non-attacked (control) plants, and A represents T. mucorea-attacked plants. Asterisks indicate significant differences among treatments (Student t-test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n = 6). FW, fresh weight