Fig. 2
The averages of photosynthetic rate (A; μmol m–2 s–1), transpiration rate (E; mmol m–2 s–1), stomatal conductance (gs; mmol m–2 s–1), substomatal CO2 partial pressure (Ci; vpm), photosynthetic rate (A/Ci) per substomatal CO2 partial pressure, and water use efficiency (WUE; μmol CO2/mmol H2O) on 27 replications of E. japonica per light frequency within 30%, 50%, and 70% of duty ratio. The error bars and letters on the bars refer to the sample standard deviations and significant differences among the frequency groups, respectively. The graphs without the letters on the bars mean that there are no significant differences among the frequency groups