Table 1 Soil organic carbon (SOC) and associated variables (age, mean annual temperature [MAT], mean annual precipitation [MAP], soil type, altitude, depth, % sand, % silt, % clay, and pH) in different types of tree stands, C: coniferous; D: deciduous; E: evergreen; and M: mixed. Results are shown in chronological order; (“do” indicates the same as above)
From: Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review
| Sl. no. | Species name | Age (years) | MAT (°C) | MAP (mm) | Soil type | Altitude (m asl) | Depth (cm) | Sand (%) | Silt (%) | Clay (%) | pH | SOC (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Acer saccharum (D) | 44 | Fragiocrept | 0–10 | 4.00 | 5.9 | Riha et al. (1986) | ||||||
| Pinus resinosa (C) | 44 | do | 3.83 | 5.1 | do | ||||||||
| Picea abies (C) | 44 | Dystrochrept | 3.76 | 4.9 | do | ||||||||
| 2. | Dipterocarpus tuberculatus (D) | 22.0 | 1245 | 300–360 | 70.00 | 18.00 | 12.00 | 6.20 | 0.2 | Yadava and Devi (2007) | |||
| 3. | Fagus sylvatica (D) | 0–10 | 82.00 | 3.70 | 5.0 | Kooijman et al. (2009) | |||||||
| do | 47.00 | 4.00 | 3.7 | do | |||||||||
| do | 5.00 | 6.70 | 8.4 | do | |||||||||
| 4. | Quercus leucotrichophora (D) | 1566 | 0–20 | 2.3 | Sheikh et al. (2009) | ||||||||
| Pinus roxburghii (C) | 900 | do | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| 5. | Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior (M) | 60 | 7.8 | 750–800 | Eutric cambisol | 440 | 0–10 | 2.60 | 46.2 | 51.10 | 5.3 | Kutsch et al. (2010) | |
| 6. | Castanopsis carlesii and Litsea acuminata (M) | 18.2 | 2342–2743 | Inseptisol and Ultisol | 670–1000 | 0–20 | 23.00 | 42.00 | 35.00 | 4.50 | 3.9 | Owen et al. (2010) | |
| 7. | Gmelina arborea (D) | 20 | 0–30 | 34.71 | 29.76 | 20.53 | 7.30 | 2.7 | Adekunle et al. (2011) | ||||
| do | 10 | 21.04 | 21.76 | 27.20 | 7.33 | 1.9 | do | ||||||
| Tectona grandis (D) | 15 | 68.73 | 19.23 | 12.04 | 8.33 | 1.1 | do | ||||||
| do | 8 | 64.00 | 22.75 | 13.45 | 6.93 | 0.5 | |||||||
| 8. | Shorea siamensis and Vitex peduncularis (M) | 25.0 | 1650 | Alfisol | 150–350 | 0–13 | 49.50 | 37.40 | 13.20 | 6.40 | 2.3 | Takahashi et al. (2011) | |
| 9. | Pinus densiflora (C) | 25 | 10.6 | 1245 | 400 | 0–10 | 5.2–5.70 | 3.3 | Yang et al. (2011) | ||||
| 10. | Quercus mongolica (D) | 4.6 | 600–1000 | Cryumbreps | 251 | 0–20 | 4.50 | 3.3 | Sun et al. (2012) | ||||
| do | 7.3 | do | Haplocryolls | 201 | do | 5.6 | 4.4 | do | |||||
| 11. | Cinnamomum chekiangense (E) | 600 | 19.4 | 1731 | Red soil/hapludult | 390–430 | 0–20 | 4.08 | 2.9 | Yu et al. (2012) | |||
| Castanopsis fargesii (E) | 4.65 | 2.9 | do | ||||||||||
| Altingia gracilipes (E) | 4.12 | 6.3 | do | ||||||||||
| Tsoongiodendron odorum (D) | 4.00 | 3.33 | do | ||||||||||
| Cunninghamia lanceolata (C) | 4.60 | 2.2 | do | ||||||||||
| 12. | Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus lambertiana and Pinus ponderosa (M) | 50 | 495–1199 | 0–15 | 8.3 | Heckman et al. (2013) | |||||||
| 13. | Populous davidiana (D) | 2.0 | 400 | 1250–1300 | 0–10 | 6.14 | 10.6 | Miao et al. (2013) | |||||
| Populous davidiana and Betula platyphylla (M) | 1370–1550 | 5.89 | 8.4 | do | |||||||||
| Betula platyphylla (D) | 1550–1720 | 5.93 | 6.8 | do | |||||||||
| Larix principis-rupprechtii (C) | 1840–1890 | 5.83 | 6.2 | do | |||||||||
| 14. | Calocedrus formosana (C) | > 40 | 21.0 | > 4000 | Dystrudept | 500 | 0–10 | 5.10 | 45.30 | 49.70 | 3.80 | 6.1 | Lin et al. (2014) |
| Cryptomeria japonica (C) | do | do | do | do | do | do | 6.6 | 45.00 | 48.40 | 3.90 | 5.3 | do | |
| 15. | Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia (M) | 20 | 10.8 | 602 | 900–1300 | 0–20 | 30–55 | 20–45 | 15–25 | 1.9 | Liu et al. (2014) | ||
| 16. | Shorea robusta (D) | 27.0 | 2021 | 450 | 0–15 | 66.01 | 14.12 | 19.87 | 6.21 | 1.8 | Mandal and Joshi (2014) | ||
| do | 600 | 69.87 | 10.12 | 20.01 | 5.89 | 1.8 | do | ||||||
| do | 850 | 55.44 | 26.11 | 18.45 | 5.69 | 1.6 | do | ||||||
| 17. | Albizia zygia and Myrianthus arboreus (M) | 23.5 | 1350–1550 | Oxisol | 650–700 | 0–10 | 58.30 | 4.60 | 1.9 | Sugihara et al. (2014) | |||
| 18. | Larix kaempferi (C) | 17 | 0–20 | 5.39 | 4.2 | Chen et al. (2015) | |||||||
| do | 23 | 4.96 | 3.9 | do | |||||||||
| Pinus armandii (C) | 25 | 5.35 | 4.4 | do | |||||||||
| 19. | Pinus pinaster (C) | 67 | 15.35 | 883 | Regosil | 6 | 0–10 | 93.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4.40 | 1.0 | Matteucci et al. (2015) |
| 20. | Picea abies (C) | 81–100 | 7.4 | 550–700 | Leptic cambisols | 502–530 | 0–10 | 12.30 | 72.10 | 15.50 | 3.80 | 2.6 | Andivia et al. (2016) |
| Fagus sylvatica (D) | do | do | do | do | do | do | 20.8 | 65.6 | 13.6 | 4 | 2.8 | do | |
| Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica (M) | do | do | do | do | do | do | 28.10 | 55.40 | 16.50 | 3.70 | 3.7 | do | |
| 21. | Quercus mongolica (D) | 10.8 | 1170 | 1424 | 0–20 | 27.80 | 19.40 | 52.80 | 4.60 | 6.9 | Chae et al. (2016) | ||
| 22. | Shorea robusta (D) | 26.0 | 73.1 | 265 | 0–10 | 66.70 | 6.00 | 27.33 | 6.36 | 0.4 | Chandra et al. (2016) | ||
| Sal mixed | 26.0 | do | 258 | 60.00 | 20.67 | 19.33 | 6.33 | 0.9 | do | ||||
| Pinus roxburghii (C) | 16.5 | 151.9 | 1822 | 73.33 | 9.33 | 17.33 | 6.48 | 4.5 | do | ||||
| Quercus leucotrichophor (D) | 16.5 | do | 1333 | 48.67 | 16.67 | 34.67 | 6.88 | 2.8 | do | ||||
| Oak mixed | 16.5 | do | 1305 | 52.67 | 8.00 | 39.33 | 6.61 | 4.2 | do | ||||
| 23. | Brachystegia boehmii (E) | 34 | 21.2 | 1300 | Ferrasol and cambisol | 0–10 | 5.1–5.3 | 1.8 | Guedes et al. (2016) | ||||
| Pinus taeda (C) | do | do | do | do | do | 5.1–5.3 | 3.8 | do | |||||
| Eucalyptus grandis (E) | do | do | do | do | do | 5.9–6.0 | 3.7 | do | |||||
| 24. | Leucaena leucocephala (E) | 7.15 | 7.4 | Marler et al. (2016) | |||||||||
| 25. | Picea smithiana (C) | < 1.0 | 254–400 | 2860 | 3.3 | Shedayi et al. (2016) | |||||||
| do | do | do | 3260 | 6.8 | do | ||||||||
| Pinus wallichiana (C) | do | do | 2890 | 2.2 | do | ||||||||
| do | do | do | 3350 | 2.4 | do | ||||||||
| Juniperus excelsa (C) | do | do | 3080 | 1.7 | do | ||||||||
| do | do | do | 3170 | 0.7 | do | ||||||||
| Betula utilis (D) | do | do | 3290 | 2.1 | do | ||||||||
| do | do | 3440 | 7.5 | ||||||||||
| 26. | Abies alba (C) | 70–90 | Dystric cambisol | 388–407 | 0–10 | 32.8 | 60.7 | 6.49 | 4.28 | 4.6 | Ewa Blonska et al. (2017) | ||
| Fagus sylvatica (D) | do | do | do | do | 38.98 | 55.23 | 5.29 | 4.56 | 3.0 | do | |||
| 27. | Acacia confusa (E) | 23.0 | 1347 | 110 | 0–10 | 3.8–3.9 | 4.5–4.9 | Huang et al. (2017) | |||||
| Cryptomeria japonica (C) | 60 | 16.6 | 2635 | 1250 | do | 5.80 | 3.4 | do | |||||
| 28. | Pinus massoniana and Lithocarpus glaber (M) | 17.3 | 1416 | Acrisol | 55–260 | 0–10 | 1.6 | Ouyang et al. (2017) | |||||
| Lithocarpus glaber and Cyclobalanopsis glauca (M) | 17.3 | 1416 | Acrisol | 55–260 | 0–10 | 2.4 | do | ||||||
| 29. | Pinus pinaster (C) | 0–15 | 94.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.1–4.8 | 3.1 | Suaze et al. (2017) | |||||
| 30. | Albizia zygia (D) | 20–30 | 23.5 | 1350–1550 | Oxisol | 650–700 | 0–10 | 54.90 | 4.80 | 2.5 | Sugihara et al. (2017) | ||
| do | 50 | do | do | do | do | do | 60.60 | 4.70 | 1.9 | do | |||
| 31. | Araucaria angustifolia (C) | 17.0 | 1600–1800 | Humic Cambisol | 820 | 0–5 | 21.00 | 29.00 | 50.00 | 3.80 | 4.6 | Thomaz (2017) | |
| 32. | Fagus sylvatica (D) | 800 | Sandy | 3.40 | 5.6 | Weemstra et al. (2017) | |||||||
| do | Clayey | 6.80 | 3.8 | do | |||||||||
| Picea abies (C) | Sandy | 3.40 | 6.0 | do | |||||||||
| do | Clayey | 6.60 | 4.8 | do | |||||||||
| 33. | Picea abies and Larix decidua (M) | 110 | 7.8 | 1645 | Lithic to rendzic leptosols and chromic cambisols | 950 | 0–10 | 9.4 | Zehetgruber et al. (2017) | ||||
| 34. | Pinus jeffreyi (C) | 1800–3500 | 5–8 | 74.28 | 18.04 | 7.65 | 5.41 | 1.8 | Fry et al. (2018) | ||||
| 35. | Picea abies and Pinus cembra (M) | 11.0 | 1000 | Haplic podsol | 1737 | 3.30 | 11.0 | Margesin et al. (2016) | |||||
| Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pubenscens (M) | do | 900 | Drystic cambisol | 570 | 4.10 | 4.1 | do | ||||||
| 36. | Castanopsis carlesii (E) | 19.0 | 1749 | Ferralic cambisols | 0–10 | 60.5 | 13.82 | 25.69 | 4.33 | 2.8 | Si et al. (2018) | ||
| Castanopsis fargesii (E) | do | 1688 | Humic alfisol | do | 37.29 | 43.55 | 19.17 | 4.64 | 6.8 | ||||
| 37. | Albizia zygia (D) | 23.5 | 1350–1550 | 600–650 | 0–10 | 55.20 | 4.40 | 1.8 | Sugihara et al. (2018) | ||||
| do | do | ||||||||||||
| 38. | Podocarpus falcatus (C) | 21.0 | 1700–2824 | Oxisols | 900–1500 | 0–15 | 34.33 | 49 | 16.42 | 5.82 | 4.7 | Tellen and Yerima (2018) | |
| Eucalyptus salinga and Eucalyptus grandis (M) | do | do | do | do | do | 36 | 49.2 | 14.5 | 5.61 | 4.3 | do | ||
| 39. | Quercus ilex (D) | 17 | 1600–2200 | 3.2 | Ali et al. (2019) | ||||||||
| Pinus wallichiana and Cedrus deodara (M) | 1600–3100 | 4.1 | do | ||||||||||
| Pinus roxbhurghii (C) | 800–1600 | 2.4 | do | ||||||||||
| 40. | Acacia mangium (E) | 7 | 25.0 | 1200 | Ferralic arenosol | 100 | 0–5 | > 90 | 2.00 | 6.00 | 4.20 | 2.2 | Koutika et al. (2019) |
| Eucalyptus urophyla and Eucalyptus grandis (M) | do | 25.0 | do | 2.2 | do | ||||||||
| Acacia and Eucalyptus 50:50 (M) | do | 2.3 | do | ||||||||||
| 41. | Pinus densiflora (C) | 25.0 | 1437 | 170 | 0–10 | 4.3 | Lee et al. (2019) | ||||||
| 42. | Pinus koraiens (C) | < 1 | 800–1800 | Dark brown | 699 | 0–20 | 23.25 | 45.10 | 31.60 | 6.12 | 5.9 | Liu et al. (2019) | |
| do | 937 | 18 | 47.2 | 34.7 | 6.00 | 5.4 | do | ||||||
| do | 1177 | 16.3 | 40.2 | 43.4 | 5.50 | 3.7 | do | ||||||
| 43. | Fagus orientalis and Carpinus betulus (M) | 15.4 | 528–817 |
Umbric fluvisol Chromic cambisol | 210–995 | 0–9 | 10.5 | 57 | 32 | 4.0 | Moslehi et al. (2019) | ||
| 44. | Machilus calcicola and Styrax suberifolius (M) | 12.7 | 1067 | 0–10 | 6.58 | 5.3 | Sheng et al. (2019) | ||||||
| Quercus aliena and Carpinus viminea (M) | 9.5 | 1234 | do | 5.35 | 2.8 | do | |||||||
| 45. | Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba (M) | 400 | 20.7 | 1996 | Ferralic cambisol | 250–350 | 0–20 | 27.60 | 58.60 | 13.70 | 4.20 | 5.6 | Sun et al. (2019) |
| Pinus massoniana (C) | 60 | 20.9 | 1990 | Ferralic cambisol | 50–150 | 0–20 | 44.70 | 46.80 | 8.40 | 4.00 | 5.5 | do | |
| Quercus aliena (D) | 15.1 | 855 | Drystic cambisol | 1380–1400 | 0–20 | 24.00 | 62.90 | 3.50 | 4.60 | 5.9 | do | ||
| Quercus aliena and Pinus armandi (M) | 64 | 15.1 | 855 | do | 1330–1360 | 0–20 | 6.00 | 83.10 | 10.90 | 4.60 | 7.0 | do | |
| Betula platyphylla and Populous davidiana (M) | 3.6 | 689 | Eutric cambisol | 729–781 | 7.40 | 86.20 | 6.40 | 5.50 | 9.0 | do | |||
| 46. | Acacia mangium (E) | 6 | 27.0 | 950 | Grayish agrisol | 0–10 | 92.44 | 1.87 | 5.69 | 5.40 | 1.0 | Weber et al. (2019) | |
| Anadenanthera colubrina (E) | do | do | do | do | do | do | do | do | do | do | 1.2 | do | |
| Casuarina equisetifolia (E) | 1.2 | do | |||||||||||
| Eucalyptus urophylla (E) | 0.88 | do | |||||||||||
| Astronium fraxinifolium (D) | 0.8 | do | |||||||||||
| 47. | Michelia champaca and Castanopsis sp. (M) | 2300–3000 | 0–10 | 71.40 | 22.82 | 5.78 | 4.88 | 5.0 | Yam et al. (2019) | ||||
| Cryptomeria japonica (C) | 60 | 16.6 | 2635 | 1250 | do | 5.80 | 3.4 | do | |||||
| 48. | Pinus massoniana (C) | 19.0 | 1621 | Red soil | 0–20 | 1.9 | Yao et al. (2019) | ||||||
| 49. | Pinus massoniana (C) | 11 | 18.1 | 1022 | Yellow | 453 | 0–10 | 3.98 | 1.6 | Zhang et al. (2019) | |||
| 50. | Oak field (D) | 1300–1500 | Alluvial sediment | 0–10 | 10.00 | 77.00 | 13.00 | 5.60 | 1.9 | Zhou et al. (2019) | |||
| 51. | Ficus ovate and Sapium ellipticum (M) | 20.0 | 1272–1397 | Vertisol and lithosol | 0–15 | 6.54 | 3.8 | Kasa et al. (2019) | |||||
| Eucalyptus sp. (E) | do | do | do | do | 6.31 | 2.1 | do | ||||||
| 52. | Prosopsis juliflora (E) | 0–10 | 3.9 | Meena et al. (2020) | |||||||||
| 53. | Tectona grandis SOC Within 1.5 m (D) | 9 | 0–10 | 0.8 | Ikhajeagbe et al. (2020) | ||||||||
| Tectona grandis SOC outside 1.5 m | 0.4 | do | |||||||||||
| 54. | Casuarina equisetifolia (E) | 6–8 | 25.0 | 1300 | 6–8 | 0–5 | Sandy | 7.10 | 0.3 | Panda (2020) | |||
| 55. | Quercus rubra (D) | 8.0 | 700–800 | 0–15 | 3.70 | 1.1 | Stanek et al. (2020) |