Fig. 8From: Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South KoreaChanges (2015–2019) in the causes of tree death observed in Albongbunji Basin/Ulleungdo. Suppression and animal damage (herbivory) were evaluated as deterministic processes and mechanical damage, slope failure/soil deposition, and pathogens as stochastic processesBack to article page