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Table 1 Biophysical attributes of the three studied valleys

From: Population structure and regeneration of Himalayan endemic Larix species in three high-altitude valleys in Nepal Himalaya

Attributes

Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA)

Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA)

Langtang National Park (LNP)

Location name

Ghunsa valley

Tsum valley

Langtang valley (Kyangjin)

Geographic coordinates

27° 39′ 38.8″ N, 87° 56′ 38.4″ E

27° 43′ 19.9″ N, 85° 21′ 52,2″ E

28° 12′ 6.5″ N, 85° 31′ 32.1″ E

Elevation range (m)

3200–3500

3200–3700

3300–3800

Climatic regime

Subalpine

Subalpine

Subalpine

Mean annual precipitation (mm)

1920

690

689

Number of studied plots

21

11

12

Major forest composition

Larix griffithiana, Abies spectabilis, Pinus wallichiana, Tsuga dumosa, Betula utilis, Rhododendron species, Juniperus species

Larix griffithiana, Pinus wallichiana, Abies spectabilis, Rhododendron species

Larix himalaica, Pinus wallichiana, Abies spectabilis