Table 4 Succeeding tree species composition in the canopy stratum of P. densiflora forests according to the geographical and moisture condition

Quercus mongolica

28.7

22.4

50.7

42.8

6.5

3.3

30.3

24.7

Quercus variabilis

15.5

13.4

26.1

25.2

13.5

18.0

19.1

22.1

Quercus serrata

7.2

10.4

3.6

5.0

22.8

21.3

15.4

16.9

Fraxinus rhynchophylla

7.4

6.7

4.6

5.9

0.7

1.3

Prunus sargentii

5.7

3.7

3.4

3.4

4.6

3.3

3.7

3.9

Quercus dentata

1.6

1.5

6.5

7.6

4.1

2.6

Carpinus laxiflora

3.4

4.5

0.9

1.7

6.9

8.2

Styrax japonicus

10.7

9.8

7.7

7.8

Acer pseudosieboldianum

3.4

5.2

1.7

3.4

Carpinus tschonoskii

11.8

13.1

1.9

2.6

Quercus acutissima

2.7

3.3

7.0

5.2

Betula dahurica

3.9

3.7

0.6

0.9

Cornus controversa

1.8

3.7

Quercus aliena

2.0

1.5

4.1

3.9

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica

2.7

3.0

Abies holophylla

2.9

3.0

Aria alnifolia

0.4

0.7

1.8

1.6

1.7

2.6

Juglans mandshurica

2.3

3.0

Castanea crenata

1.1

1.5

1.1

1.6

0.7

1.3

Celtis koraiensis

1.3

1.5

0.2

0.9

Quercus acuta

6.3

4.9

Pyrus ussuriensis

2.0

2.2

Larix kaempferi

0.8

1.7

0.7

1.3

Acer pictum var. mono

1.1

1.5

Robinia pseudoacacia

1.8

1.6

0.7

1.3

Acer palmatum

4.1

3.3

Maackia amurensis

1.1

1.5

Pinus koraiensis

0.2

0.7

1.2

1.3

Populus koreana

1.4

0.7

Betula schmidtii

0.3

0.9

Alnus hirsuta

0.9

1.3

Fraxinus mandshurica

0.6

0.7

Kalopanax septemlobus

0.7

0.7

Alnus japonica

1.8

1.6

Stewartia koreana

1.4

1.6

Tilia amurensis

0.7

0.9

Salix koreensis

0.8

0.7

Pinus thunbergii

0.8

1.6

Lithocarpus edulis

1.3

1.6

Cornus walteri

0.8

0.7

Carpinus cordata

0.2

0.7

Total

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100