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Fig. 4 | Journal of Ecology and Environment

Fig. 4

From: Review on the succession process of Pinus densiflora forests in South Korea: progressive and disturbance-driven succession

Fig. 4

Frequency of the three succeeding groups (“Quercus only,” “Quercus & Others,” and “Others only”) in P. densiflora forests according to the geographical and moisture condition (n = 213). a Northern mesic forest. b Northern dry forest. c Southern mesic forest. d Southern dry forest. Frequency is indicated above each bar. C, canopy stratum; EC, extended canopy stratum

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