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Table 2 Average value and standard deviation of major environmental factors in each group

From: Characteristics of vegetation succession on the Pinus thunbergii forests in warm temperate regions, Jeju Island, South Korea

Group

Altitude (m)

Distance from coast (m)

Annual mean temperature (°C)

Annual mean precipitation (mm)

Slope (degree)

Canopy gap (%)

I

74.3 ± 0.3

1460.9 ± 1254.2

15.0 ± 0.3

1659.2 ± 227.2

8.5 ± 8.3

46.1 ± 39.9

II

125.2 ± 52.0

3822.9 ± 2801.5

15.0 ± 0.4

1747.0 ± 65.0

12.8 ± 9.0

15.5 ± 10.1

III

142.7 ± 108.1

4302.6 ± 2902.5

14.8 ± 0.5

1605.6 ± 224.6

7.1 ± 8.5

16.4 ± 8.0

IV

365.0 ± 108.3

6061.1 ± 1287.5

14.0 ± 0.5

1616.1 ± 107.9

10.4 ± 8.5

23.6 ± 8.5

Grand mean

129.2 ± 112.1

2855.1 ± 2498.5

14.9 ± 0.5

1664.4 ± 194.5

9.4 ± 8.5

33.6 ± 33.3