Table 13 Effects of physiographic factors on mean values of soil seed bank patterns

Alt (m.a.s.l)

740–790

1.37 ± 0.04a

4.56 ± 0.17a

0.96 ± 0.01a

791–841

1.36 ± 0.04a

4.48 ± 0.16ab

0.95 ± 0.004a

> 841

1.20 ± 0.02b

4.09 ± 0.1b

0.91 ± 0.001b

Aspect (direction)

North

1.15 ± 0.04b

3.81 ± 0.17d

0.92 ± 0.01bc

Northeast

1.09 ± 0.03b

3.37 ± 0.11ed

0.96 ± 0.005ba

Northwest

1.59 ± 0.00a

7.00 ± 0.00a

0.82 ± 0.00e

East

1.52 ± 0.04a

5.21 ± 0.17cb

0.96 ± 0.006ba

West

1.46 ± 0.05a

4.54 ± 0.17c

0.98 ± 0.006a

Southeast

0.88 ± 0.08c

2.91 ± 0.32e

0.88 ± 0.01 dc

Southwest

1.07 ± 0.08b

3.4 ± 0.13ed

0.87 ± 0.04d

Slope (degree)

0

1.31 ± 0.04bac

4.8 ± 0.14b

0.85 ± 0.02de

0.1

0.69 ± 0.00f

2.00 ± 0.00e

1.00 ± 0.00a

0.2

1.12 ± 0.08edc

4.13 ± .37cbd

0.88 ± 0.01 dc

0.3

1.39 ± 0.00bac

4.00 ± 0.00cbd

1.00 ± 0.00a

0.5

1.59 ± 0.00a

7.0 ± 0.00a

0.82 ± 0.00fe

1

1.26 ± 0.03bdc

3.99 ± 0.13cbd

0.98 ± 0.003a

1.5

1.31 ± 0.11bac

4.53 ± .41cb

0.91 ± 0.06bc

2

1.48 ± 0.03ba

4.91 ± 0.13b

0.96 ± 0.005a

2.5

1.11 ± 0.096edc

3.41 ± 0.3 cd

0.96 ± 0.01ba

3

0.94 ± 0.06ef

2.94 ± 0.2ed

0.91 ± 0.01c

4

0.86 ± 0.06ef

3.0 ± 0.00ed

0.78 ± 0.06f

6

1.0 ± 0ed

4.0 ± 0.00cbd

0.72 ± 0.00 g

Human impacts

Nil

1.32 ± 0.04a

4.74 ± 0.17a

0.92 ± 0.01b

Low

1.29 ± 0.04ba

4.41 ± 0.14ba

0.91 ± 0.01b

Moderate

1.196 ± 0.03b

3.73 ± 0.10c

0.95 ± 0.01a

Heavy

1.28 ± 0.05ba

4.19 ± 0.19b

0.95 ± 0.01a

Grazing intensity

Nil

1.37 ± 0.04ba

5.01 ± 0.19a

0.93 ± 0.01b

Low

1.43 ± 0.02a

4.74 ± 0.10a

0.93 ± 0.01b

Moderate

1.28 ± 0.04b

4.07 ± 0.13b

0.961988a

Heavy

1.034 ± 0.03c

3.47 ± 0.11c

0.89 ± 0.01c

Disturbance intensity

Nil

1.36 ± 0.05ba

4.78 ± 0.20a

0.95 ± 0.01a

Low

1.42 ± 0.03a

4.85 ± 0.16a

0.94 ± 0.01a

Moderate

1.28 ± 0.03b

4.15 ± 0.11b

0.95 ± 0.01a

Heavy

1.05 ± 0.03c

3.52 ± 0.11c

0.89 ± 0.01b