Floristic composition and species richness of soil seed bank in three abandoned rice paddies along a seral gradient in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, South Korea

Table 3 Seed bank species showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) associations with successional stages based on indicator species analysis (ISPAN)

Species	Seral stage	IV_max	p	Habitat affinity
Rotala indica	Wet meadow	87.6	0.001	Wetland
Ludwigia prostrata	Wet meadow	83.5	0.001	Wetland
Cyperus difformis	Wet meadow	81.7	0.001	Wetland
Hypericum laxum	Wet meadow	79.9	0.001	Wetland
Cyperus hakonensis	Wet meadow	72.2	0.001	Wetland
Eleocharis congesta	Wet meadow	65.0	0.001	Wetland
Rotala pusilla	Wet meadow	61.9	0.001	Wetland
Juncus leschenaultii	Wet meadow	59.4	0.001	Wetland
Centipeda minima	Wet meadow	58.8	0.001	Wetland
Aneilema keisak	Wet meadow	52.0	0.001	Wetland
Lindernia procumbens	Wet meadow	51.3	0.003	Wetland
Persicaria trigonocarpa	Wet meadow	40.0	0.001	Wetland
Persicaria sagittata	Wet meadow	40.0	0.001	Wetland
Alopecurus aequalis	Wet meadow	32.0	0.001	Wetland
Sagittaria pygmaea	Wet meadow	32.0	0.002	Wetland
Kyllinga brevifolia	Wet meadow	31.8	0.034	Wetland
Cyperus amuricus	Wet meadow	28.0	0.001	Wetland
Kummerowia striata	Wet meadow	28.0	0.002	Ruderal
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Wet meadow	27.1	0.015	Wetland
Digitaria ciliaris	Wet meadow	25.6	0.006	Ruderal
Monochoria vaginalis	Wet meadow	24.0	0.005	Wetland
Microstegium vimineum	Wet meadow	24.0	0.007	Wetland
Lipocarpha microcephala	Wet meadow	21.6	0.044	Wetland
Persicaria thunbergii	Young forest	81.1	0.001	Wetland
Juncus alatus	Young forest	73.8	0.001	Wetland
Salix koreensis	Young forest	68.9	0.001	Wetland
Dopatrium junceum	Young forest	38.8	0.003	Wetland
Cyperus iria	Mature forest	43.1	0.002	Wetland
Rumex crispus	Mature forest	16.0	0.034	Wetland

IV_max refers to maximum observed indicator value. p is the proportion of randomized trials with indicator value equal to or exceeding the observed indicator value

ISSN: 2288-1220