Table 1 Estimates of the edge effect distance and approximate 95% confidence intervals (CI) for abiotic and biotic factors (r 2Â >Â 0.6)
From: Edge effects confirmed at the clear-cut area of Korean red pine forest in Uljin, eastern Korea
|  |  | Interior (m) (±95% CI) | Exterior (m) (±95% CI) | Edge effect distance (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Abiotic factors | Air humidity | −13.6(±4.7) | −1.6(±3.2) | 12.0 |
Soil temperature | 7.6(±6.8) | 15.8(±6.7) | 8.2 | |
Canopy openness | −5.5(±1.4) | 11.3(±1.2) | 16.8 | |
Transmitted light | −4.7(±1.5) | 12.1(±1.6) | 16.8 | |
Total nitrogen | −10.0(±53.7) | 21.4(±7.5) | 31.4 | |
K+ | −14.1(±43.0) | 14(±10.8) | 28.1 | |
Na+ | −4.4(±3.1) | 4.0(±2.8) | 8.4 | |
Ca2+ | 2.5(±32.1) | 20.0(±7.0) | 17.5 | |
Mg2+ | −12.9(±20.9) | 20.1(±8.8) | 33.0 | |
Biotic factors | Species diversity | 8.2(±14.4) | 23(±16.9) | 14.8 |
Species evenness | 7.8(±26.9) | 22.9(±23.3) | 15.1 | |
Species richness | −3.2(±10.6) | 3.6(±14.3) | 6.8 | |
Tree species in herbal layer | −7.6(±8.4) | 21.9(±4.2) | 29.5 | |
Shrub species in herbal layer | −5.5(±29.7) | 12(±7.8) | 17.5 | |
Total vegetation coverage in herbal layer | −11.9(±13.0) | −1.4(±4.8) | 10.5 |