Fig. 1

Seasonal patterns of terpene emissions of 13 forests in South Korea. The map depicts ratios of the most dominant three monoterpenes in 13 Korean forests during different seasons except winter (spring, 13 sites; summer, 10 sites; fall, 11 sites). In spring, α-pinene was the most dominant terpene at 10 different sites (Mt. Bonghwang, Mt. Jangryung, Juknokwon, Bulgap Temple, Mt. Mudeung, Jangheung Woodland, Daegwallyeong, Soseonam, Mt. Joryung, and Suncheon Bay). β-Pinene and sabinene were the most dominant terpene in Taehwa and Mt. Minjuji, respectively. Interestingly, sabinene was the most dominant one in Mt. Minjuji during all three seasons. In summer, α-pinene, β-pinene + myrcene and d-limonene were dominant at four (Mt. Bonghwang, Mt. Jangryung, Soseonam, and Mt. Joryung), two (Juknokwon, Jangheung Woodland) and three sites (Bulgap Temple, Suncheon Bay, Seonam Temple), respectively. In fall, α-pinene was dominant at eight different sites (Mt. Bonghwang, Taehwa, Mt. Jangryung, Juknokwon, Jangheung Woodland, Soseonam, Mt. Joryung, and Seonam Temple). Likewise, β-pinene + myrcene were the main terpene compound in Bulgap Temple and Suncheon Bay. In addition, Δ³-carene, coumarin and terpinolence appear seasonally in Taehwa (fall), Mt. Mudeung (spring), Daegwallyeong (spring). The sites that did not show seasonal changes in dominant terpenes were Mt. Bonghwang, Mt. Jangryung, Soseonam, Mt. Joryung and Mt. Minjuji. On the other hand, in sites such as Taehwa, Juknokwon, Bulgap Temple, Jangheung Woodland, Suncheon Bay, Seonam Temple, the tendency displayed marked seasonal changes