Table 3 Selection of reproductive modes according to light intensity
| Species | Life historical strategy | Response of reproductive propagules according to light intensity (when light intensity is increased) | Estimates by plant size covariance | Main habitat | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexual propagules | Asexual propagules | |||||
| Aster acuminatus | Pseudoannual | Increased | N.S | Not used | Open and slightly disturbed sites such as tree falls, abandoned logging roads, or other small clearings within the forest | (Loehle 1987; Pitelka et al. 1980) |
| Zamai skinneri | Perennial plant | Increased | Not used | Shaded understory of a tropical rain forest | (Clark and Clark 1987) | |
| Silene latifolia | Perennial plant | N.S | Not used | Open disturbed habitats like fallow fields, field margins, and roadsides | (Gehring and Linhart 1993) | |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | Perennial plant | N.S | Increased | Not used | Moist temperate forest understory | (Marino et al. 1997) |
| Circaea lutetiana | Pseudoannual | N.S | Increased | Not used | The darkest spots on the forest floor. | (Verburg and During 1998) |
| Uvularia perfoliata | Pseudoannual | 1. Flowering individual: occurred | Temperate deciduous woodland | (Kudoh et al. 1999) | ||
| 2. Clonal diversities: increased | ||||||
| Astrocaryum urostachys | Perennial plant | Increase | N.S | Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size) | Riversides | (Svenning 2000) |
| Phytelephas tenuicaulis | Perennial plant | N.S | N.S | Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size) | Forest | (Svenning 2000) |
| Geonoma cf. aspidiifolia | Perennial plant | N.S | 1. Increased (in case the genet had many large ramets) |
Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size, clonal: positively correlated with plant size) | Forest | (Svenning 2000) |
| 2. Decrease (in case the genet had few large ramets) | ||||||
| Cyperus esculentus | Pseudoannual | Increased | N.S | Not used | Moist fields, in heavily irrigated crops, along riverbanks, and roadsides, and in ditches | (Li et al. 2001a) |
| Ligularia virgaurea | Perennial plant | Decreased | Not used (clonal: positively correlated with plant size) | Alpine grasslands | (Wang et al. 2008) | |
| Smilacina japonica | Perennial plant | Increased | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Ida and Kudo 2009) | |
| Cardamine leucantha | Pseudoannual | Increased | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Ida and Kudo 2009) | |
| Iris japonica | Perennial plant | Increased | 1. Allocation of coarse rhizome, fine rhizome, and new ramets biomass: N.S | Not used | Forest understory, forest gap, forest edge, and moist grassland | (Wang et al. 2013) |
| 2. The number of daughter ramets : Decreased | ||||||
| Dichanthelium clandestinum | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | N.S (CH mass/CL mass: different among populations) | N.S | Not used | Open or frequently disturbed and early successional habitats | (Bell and Quinn 1987; Cheplick 2007) |
| Calathea micans | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Lowland tropical rain forests | (Corff 1993) |
| Viola pubescens | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Culley 2002) |
| Impatiens pallida | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Moist forest | (Schemske 1978) |
| Impatiens biflora | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Adjoining lakes or rivers | (Schemske 1978) |
| Impatiens capensis | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | 1. Increased (no covariates) | N.S | Used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size) | Floodplains | (Waller 1980) |
| 2. Increased (with covariates) | ||||||
| Impatiens noli-tangere | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Wet areas along forest margins, stream margins, and roadsides | (Masuda and Yahara 1994) |
| Microstegium vimineum | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Decreased (CH mass/CL mass: Decreased) | Used | Beneath the completely closed, shady forest interior, and along the periphery of the forest | (Cheplick 2005, 2007) | |
| Amphicarpaea bracteata | Amphicarpic annual plant | Increased | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: positively correlated with plant size, not in 1983) | Moist woods | (Trapp and Hendrix, 1988) | |
| Polygonum thunbergii | Amphicarpic annual plant | Increased | N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Riversides | (Kawano et al. 1990) |