Table 3 Selection of reproductive modes according to light intensity
Species | Life historical strategy | Response of reproductive propagules according to light intensity (when light intensity is increased) | Estimates by plant size covariance | Main habitat | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Sexual propagules | Asexual propagules | Â | Â | Â |
Aster acuminatus | Pseudoannual | Increased | N.S | Not used | Open and slightly disturbed sites such as tree falls, abandoned logging roads, or other small clearings within the forest | |
Zamai skinneri | Perennial plant | Increased | Â | Not used | Shaded understory of a tropical rain forest | (Clark and Clark 1987) |
Silene latifolia | Perennial plant | N.S | Â | Not used | Open disturbed habitats like fallow fields, field margins, and roadsides | (Gehring and Linhart 1993) |
Sanguinaria canadensis | Perennial plant | N.S | Increased | Not used | Moist temperate forest understory | (Marino et al. 1997) |
Circaea lutetiana | Pseudoannual | N.S | Increased | Not used | The darkest spots on the forest floor. | (Verburg and During 1998) |
Uvularia perfoliata | Pseudoannual | 1. Flowering individual: occurred | Â | Â | Temperate deciduous woodland | (Kudoh et al. 1999) |
2. Clonal diversities: increased | ||||||
Astrocaryum urostachys | Perennial plant | Increase | N.S | Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size) | Riversides | (Svenning 2000) |
Phytelephas tenuicaulis | Perennial plant | N.S | N.S | Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size) | Forest | (Svenning 2000) |
Geonoma cf. aspidiifolia | Perennial plant | N.S | 1. Increased (in case the genet had many large ramets) | Not used (seeds: positively correlated with plant size, clonal: positively correlated with plant size) | Forest | (Svenning 2000) |
2. Decrease (in case the genet had few large ramets) | ||||||
Cyperus esculentus | Pseudoannual | Increased | N.S | Not used | Moist fields, in heavily irrigated crops, along riverbanks, and roadsides, and in ditches | (Li et al. 2001a) |
Ligularia virgaurea | Perennial plant | Â | Decreased | Not used (clonal: positively correlated with plant size) | Alpine grasslands | (Wang et al. 2008) |
Smilacina japonica | Perennial plant | Increased | Â | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Ida and Kudo 2009) |
Cardamine leucantha | Pseudoannual | Increased | Â | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Ida and Kudo 2009) |
Iris japonica | Perennial plant | Increased | 1. Allocation of coarse rhizome, fine rhizome, and new ramets biomass: N.S | Not used | Forest understory, forest gap, forest edge, and moist grassland | (Wang et al. 2013) |
2. The number of daughter ramets : Decreased | ||||||
Dichanthelium clandestinum | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | N.S (CH mass/CL mass: different among populations) | N.S | Not used | Open or frequently disturbed and early successional habitats | |
Calathea micans | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Lowland tropical rain forests | (Corff 1993) |
Viola pubescens | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Deciduous forests | (Culley 2002) |
Impatiens pallida | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Moist forest | (Schemske 1978) |
Impatiens biflora | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Adjoining lakes or rivers | (Schemske 1978) |
Impatiens capensis | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | 1. Increased (no covariates) | N.S | Used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size) | Floodplains | (Waller 1980) |
2. Increased (with covariates) | ||||||
Impatiens noli-tangere | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Wet areas along forest margins, stream margins, and roadsides | (Masuda and Yahara 1994) |
Microstegium vimineum | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Decreased (CH mass/CL mass: Decreased) | Â | Used | Beneath the completely closed, shady forest interior, and along the periphery of the forest | |
Amphicarpaea bracteata | Amphicarpic annual plant | Increased | Â | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: positively correlated with plant size, not in 1983) | Moist woods | (Trapp and Hendrix, 1988) |
Polygonum thunbergii | Amphicarpic annual plant | Increased | N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Riversides | (Kawano et al. 1990) |