Table 2 Selection of reproductive modes according to soil water level
Species | Life historical strategy | Response of reproductive propagules according to soil water level (when soil water lever is increased) | Estimates by plant size covariance | Main habitat | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Sexual propagules | Asexual propagules | Â | Â | Â |
Silene latifolia | Perennial plant | Increased | Â | Not used | Open disturbed habitats like fallow fields, field margins, and roadsides | (Gehring and Linhart 1993) |
Cyperus esculentus | Pseudoannual | Decreased | Increased (But not one clone) | Not used | Moist fields, in heavily irrigated crops, along riverbanks and roadsides, and in ditches | (Li et al. 2001b) |
Lythrum salicaria | Perennial plant | Decreased | Â | Not used | Wetlands | (Mal and Lovett-Doust 2005) |
B. carinatus | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Forest | (Harlan 1945) |
Stipa leucotrich | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Not used | Grasslands, prairies, and brushy areas | (Brown 1952) |
Dichanthelium clandestinum | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | N.S (CH mass/CL mass: increased) | Decreased (But one population on one variable: N.S) | Not used | Open or frequently disturbed and early successional habitats | |
Calathea micans | Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | (Many rainfall): increased | (Many rainfall): N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Lowland tropical rain forests | (Corff 1993) |
Bromus unioloides | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased (when only short photoperiods) | Â | Statistical method not reported | Prairie | (Langer and Wilson 1965) |
Impatiens capensis | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased (not with covariates) | N.S | Used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size) | Floodplains | (Waller 1980) |
N.S (with covariates) | ||||||
Collomia grandiflora | Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy | Increased | Decreased | Used | Disturbed and open sites within or immediately adjacent to forest and shrub communities. | |
Gymnarrhena micrantha | Amphicarpic annual plant | (Many rainfall): increased | (Low soil moisture): increased | Statistical method not reported | Steppe and desert regions | (Koller and Roth 1964) |
Amphicarpaea bracteata L. | Amphicarpic annual plant | (Many rainfall): N.S | (Many rainfall): increased | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: positively correlated with plant size, not in 1983) | Moist woods | (Trapp and Hendrix 1988) |
Polygonum thunbergii | Amphicarpic annual plant | N.S | N.S | Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size) | Riversides | (Kawano et al. 1990) |
Commelina benghalensis | Amphicarpic annual plant | More increased | Less increased | Not used | The ditch-banks at the field margins and low areas within a field | (Webster and Grey 2008) |