|
Tussilago farfara
|
Perennial plant
|
N.S
|
Decreased
|
Not used
|
Snow-patch in sand dune
|
(Loehle 1987; Ogden 1974)
|
|
Chamaenerion angustifolium
|
Perennial plant
|
Increased (But one variable: N.S)
|
Decreased
|
Not used
|
Open and semi-open habitats of the boreal forest
|
(Loehle 1987; van Andel and Vera 1977)
|
|
Silene latifolia Poiret
|
Perennial plant
|
(Nitrogen addition): increased
| |
Not used
|
Open disturbed habitats like fallow fields, field margins, and roadsides
|
(Gehring and Linhart 1993)
|
|
(Phosphorus addition): N.S
|
|
(Potassium addition): increased
|
|
Sanguinaria canadensis
|
Perennial plant
|
N.S
|
(In the potting and the reciprocal transplant study): increased
|
Not used
|
Moist temperate forest understory
|
(Marino et al. 1997)
|
|
(In the permanent plot experiments): N.S
|
|
Allium vineale
|
Perennial plant
| |
Increased (Only three of the 16 genotypes, but the others: N.S)
|
Not used
|
Roadsides and highly fertilized agricultural fields
|
(Ronsheim and Bever 2000)
|
|
Leymus chinensis
|
Perennial plant
|
(Nitrogen addition): decreased
|
(Nitrogen addition): increased (But one variable: N.S)
|
Not used
|
Steppe zone
|
(Bai et al. 2009)
|
|
Penthorum sedoides
|
Perennial plant
|
Decreased (Only in 2007, but in 2004: N.S)
|
Increased
|
Used
|
Ditches and near steams
|
(Nicholls 2011)
|
|
Trapella sinensis
|
Perennial plant
|
Decreased
|
N.S
|
Not used
|
50-cm water depth in rich sediment.
|
(Liu et al. 2013)
|
|
Calathea micans
|
Perennial plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy
|
Increased
|
N.S
|
Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size)
|
Lowland tropical rain forests
|
(Corff 1993)
|
|
Impatiens capensis
|
Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy
|
N.S
|
N.S
|
Used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size)
|
Floodplains
|
(Waller 1980)
|
|
Triplasis purpurea
|
Annual plants with chasmogamy and cleistogamy
|
Upper nodes (CH spikelets and some CL spikelets): more increase (CH mass/CL mass: N.S)
|
Lower nodes (the other CL spikelets): Less increase
|
Not used
|
Coastal dune
|
(Cheplick 1996, 2007)
|
|
Emex spinosa
|
Amphicarpic annual plant
|
(High nitrogen): increased
|
(High nitrogen): N.S
|
Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size)
|
Semi-arid region, roadside, vineyards, cereal crops, and pastures
|
(Weiss 1980)
|
|
Amphicarpum purshii
|
Amphicarpic annual plant
|
CH mass/CL mass: N.S
| |
Not used (CH: independent of plant size, CL: independent of plant size)
|
Disturbed habitats on the coastal plain
|
(Cheplick 1989, 2007)
|
|
Polygonum thunbergii
|
Amphicarpic annual plant
|
(High nitrogen): N.S
|
(High nitrogen): N.S
|
Not used (CH: positively correlated with plant size)
|
Riversides
|
(Kawano et al. 1990)
|
|
Emex spinosa
|
Amphicarpic annual plant
|
Increased (CH mass/CL mass: increased)
|
Decreased
|
Used (CH: positively correlated with plant size, CL: independent of plant size)
|
Semi-arid region, roadside, vineyards, cereal crops and pastures
|
(Sadeh et al. 2009)
|
|
Persicaria thunbergii
|
Amphicarpic annual plant
|
1. CH mass: increase
|
N.S
|
Not used
|
Riparian zones and lakesides
|
(Kim et al. 2016)
|
|
2. CH number: decrease
|
